论民事优先权种类的立法选择

民事优先权的种类是构建民事优先权制度的核心问题.本文从厘清民事优先权的含义着手,分析了我国民事优先权的立法现状,最后结合国外的立法例及我国学者提出的相关建议稿,对我国《物权法》上民事优先权种类的设置提出若干立法建议.     

旅游路网规划评价指标体系研究

在对旅游路网进行分析的基础上,从技术性能、社会效益、经济效益、环境效益4个方面进行研究,建立了旅游路网规划的评价指标体系,并对各项指标的含义进行探讨,分析了各指标值的确定方法,进而能方便地运用这些指标进行旅游路网规划的评价。     

悬挂式单轨车辆走行轮失效对曲线通过及运行平稳性影响的仿真分析

悬挂式单轨车辆走行轮在车辆运行中起到承载和传力的重要作用,其走行轮失效对悬挂式单轨车辆运行性能有重大影响。通过多刚体动力学理论建立悬挂式单轨车轨耦合动力学模型,仿真分析了不同工况下走行轮失效对单轨车辆曲线通过及运行平稳性的影响。仿真结果表明:空载状态下走行轮失效的悬挂式单轨车辆在曲线半径100 m的线路上限速为35 km/h,而满载状态下走行轮失效的车辆一直处于不安全状态,需要尽快行驶到就近站点疏散乘客;同侧走行轮失效对单轨车辆的影响趋势基本一致;在相同行车速度下,走行轮失效时竖向平稳性指标出现了部分数值超过3.0的情况,说明走行轮失效时车辆的运行平稳性会变差。仿真研究结果可为走行轮失效的悬挂式单轨车辆运行提供参考。     

双片预制圆孔板剪力墙抗震性能试验

针对预制混凝土圆孔板承重体系,进行了4个设置现浇边缘构件的双片预制圆孔板剪力墙试件的拟静力试验。结果显示：试件墙体与基础梁之间出现贯通的水平裂缝,边缘构件几乎沿全高出现水平裂缝,预制墙布满了斜裂缝;预制墙与现浇边缘构件交界面、预制墙与竖向连接缝交界面开裂。试件的破坏形态为弯剪破坏。名义屈服前,墙底截面竖向钢筋应变分布基本符合平截面假定。位移延性系数大于5,极限位移角大于1/100。试件可等效为实墙,按现行规范计算其承载力。根据试验结果,提出了改进预制墙与现浇混凝土之间连接竖缝的建议。     

高水压条件下盾构隧道联络通道及集水井施工力学行为研究

以武汉地铁越长江盾构隧道江中段联络通道及集水井为依托,提出一种适合砂性地层高水压条件下地下结构施工力学行为数值模拟的计算处理方法。即耦合使用地层-结构法和荷载-结构法,对土体和水体进行分别处理。其中,地层依据地层-结构法按实际地层建模,容重采用干容重;水体则作为荷载直接施加在结构表面,水体所产生荷载根据施工过程施加;结构未修建之前按水压施加在底部透水性较差基岩上进行地层初始应力场计算。将上述方法应用于武汉地铁越长江盾构隧道联络通道及集水井施工力学行为数值模拟中,得出影响钢管片、联络通道衬砌和集水井衬砌变形及应力分布的关键因素;验证提出的适合砂性地层高水压计算处理方法的可行性,并提出针对性建议。     

轨道交通车站应急疏散乘客心理行为影响因素分析

轨道交通车站突发事件下乘客的心理行为对安全疏散具有重要影响。将轨道交通车站应急疏散乘客心理行为影响因素概括为环境信息、引导信息、受度信息及乘客基础信息等四个方面,并加以分析。探讨了影响因素的作用机制,针对相应因素提出了指导应急疏散的建议。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

Teleworking in the Netherlands: an evaluation of changes in travel behaviour

This article describes the first experiment on teleworking in the Netherlands, and presents the results of an analysis of the impact of teleworking on the travel behaviour of the participants in the experiment and their household members. It was concluded that teleworking has resulted in a significant decrease in the total number of trips by teleworkers (–17%). Peak-hour traffic by car has been reduced even more (–26%). An unexpected result was that the household members of the teleworkers also appeared to travel less than before the experiment.     

交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析

首先 ,探讨了出行者的出行心理、行为以及信息之间的相互关系 ,在此基础上 ,简要分析了出行者的出行选择。其次 ,考虑在交通信息服务条件下 ,由于出行者本身以及信息方面的原因 ,出行选择可能出现过激反应、集聚反应等问题。最后 ,针对上述问题 ,提出应该加以重视的或有待进一步研究的几个问题。